SLAP Tear and Superior Labral Injury

A SLAP tear affects the upper portion of the shoulder labrum near the attachment of the long head of the biceps tendon.

A SLAP tear affects the upper portion of the shoulder labrum near the attachment of the long head of the biceps tendon. It may occur after a fall, traction injury, dislocation, heavy lift, or repetitive overhead activity. Throwing athletes may notice deep pain, clicking, a "dead arm," or loss of velocity and control.

A SLAP finding on MRI does not automatically mean it is the source of pain. Age-related fraying is common, and symptoms can overlap with rotator cuff disease, biceps pain, instability, stiffness, arthritis, and cervical problems.

Dr. Knudsen determines whether the superior labrum is clinically important by combining the history, examination, imaging, sport or occupation, and response to prior treatment. Most patients begin with rehabilitation. When surgery is appropriate, treatment may include arthroscopic debridement, SLAP repair, or biceps tenodesis. The choice is based on tissue quality, tear pattern, biceps involvement, activity demands, and goals, not an inflexible age cutoff.

This information is educational and is not a substitute for an individualized medical evaluation. Written and medically reviewed by Michael L. Knudsen, MD | Last reviewed: July 2026